How to Calculate Capital Gains Tax as a UK Freelancer
As a sole trader, you may owe Capital Gains Tax (CGT) when you sell or "dispose of" an asset that has increased in value — for example shares, cryptoassets, or a business asset such as equipment held personally. The tax is charged on the gain, not the full sale price.
The calculation has three steps:
- Work out your total gain: take the sale price and subtract the original purchase price plus any allowable costs (such as solicitor or broker fees and improvement costs).
- Deduct the Annual Exempt Amount: everyone gets a tax-free CGT allowance each tax year — £3,000. If your total gains for the year fall within it, no CGT is due.
- Stack the gain on your income: the taxable gain sits on top of your taxable income. Any part falling below the £50,270 basic-rate threshold is taxed at the basic CGT rate, and the remainder at the higher rate — so a large gain is often split across both.
What is the Annual Exempt Amount?
The Annual Exempt Amount (AEA) is the amount of capital gains you can make each tax year before any tax is charged — £3,000 for individuals. It's a "use it or lose it" allowance, so you can't carry unused portions forward; timing disposals across tax years can sometimes reduce your bill. Gains above the AEA must be reported to HMRC, usually through Self Assessment, by 31 January following the end of the tax year.